An anal fissure is a small tear or crack in the skin around the anus. Bleeding from a fissure usually stops on its own within a few minutes. However, bleeding will often occur again with each bowel movement until the crack heals.

CAUSES

This condition may be caused by:

• Passing large, hard stool (feces).

• Frequent diarrhea.

• Constipation.

• Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis).

• Infections.

• Anal sex.

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms of this condition include:

• Bleeding from the rectum.

• Small amounts of blood seen on your stool, on toilet paper, or in the toilet after a bowel movement.

• Painful bowel movements.

• Itching or irritation around the anus.

DIAGNOSIS

A health care provider may diagnose this condition by closely examining the anal area. An anal fissure can usually be seen with careful inspection. In some cases, a rectal exam may be performed, or a short tube (anoscope) may be used to examine the anal canal.

TREATMENT

• Taking sitz baths. This may help to heal the tear.

• Using medicated creams or ointments. These may be prescribed to lessen discomfort.

HOME CARE INSTRUCTIONS

TREATMENT

• Avoid foods that may be constipating, such as bananas and dairy products.

• Drink enough fluid to keep your urine clear or pale yellow.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

• Keep the anal area as clean and dry as possible.

• Take sitz baths as told by your health care provider. Do not use soap in the sitz baths.

Treatment for this condition may include:

• Taking steps to avoid constipation. This may include making changes to your diet, such as increasing your intake of fiber or fluid.

•Taking fiber supplements. These supplements can soften your stool to help make bowel movements easier. Your health care provider may also prescribe a stool softener if your stool is often hard.

Eating and Drinking

• Maintain a diet that is high in fruits, whole grains, and vegetables

• Take over-the-counter and prescription medicines only as told by your health care provider.

• Use creams or ointments only as told by your health care provider.

• Keep all follow-up visits as told by your health care provider. This is important.